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MANDALA
Industrialization Tracker
Nur Jihad Albar, Mandala Consulting
Explore the data →Five dimensions define an advanced industrial economy: high productivity, high complexity, deep capability, extensive linkages, and global integration. This tracker measures each one for every country with data, and shows how Indonesia compares against the group of high-income industrial economies. Click any country to see its five scores, its largest manufacturing sector, and its principal export partner.
The indicators come from four sources: the United Nations Industrial Development Organization (UNIDO) Competitive Industrial Performance database for Manufacturing Value Added (MVA) per capita and technology composition, the World Bank and the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) for Research and Development (R&D) spending, Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) Trade in Value Added for supply chain measures, and UNIDO INDSTAT for sectoral breakdown. Reference years differ by indicator, from 2020 to 2023, and each figure is labelled with its own year. The comparator group follows UNIDO's Country Classification, Edition 2025. Product-level detail is not yet included.
The comparator group
UNIDO classifies economies by stage of industrial development. An economy is industrial if it sits above the world median on three measures: manufacturing value added per capita, the historical peak share of manufacturing in total employment, and medium-high and high-technology manufactured exports per capita. Those above the threshold on all three, and classified as high income by the World Bank, form the group of 48 high-income industrial economies used throughout this tracker.
Source: UNIDO Country Classification, Edition 2025.
The five dimensions
Click a card to see its full description, source, reference year, world median and high-income industrial median. Shares are given as per cent of Gross Domestic Product (GDP) or of Manufacturing Value Added (MVA) as noted, and Global Value Chain (GVC) participation covers both backward and forward links.
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